Judy chicago artist - Miriam Schapiro’s and Judy Chicago’s Womanhouse was an important feminist art installation created in the early seventies. Dec 5, 2022 • By Stefanie Graf, MA in progress, BA in Art History. From January 30 to February 28 in 1972, the installation and performance piece Womanhouse was open to the public at 533 Mariposa Street in …

 
Born to Jewish radical parents in Chicago in 1939, Judy Cohen grew up to be Judy Chicago — one of the most daring and controversial artists of her generation. Her works, once disparaged and misunderstood by the critics, have become icons of the feminist movement, earning her a place among the most influential artists of her time. Early to …. Kiddo

Chicago is undeniably an icon of the feminist art canon, and so much of her work refers to the erasure of women from dominant museum narratives. Herstory at the New Museum follows the trajectory ...Extract. In the span of two years, Judy Chicago created three artworks about menstruation. First, the unpublished play My Menstrual Life in December 1971, in collaboration with University of California, Berkeley political scientist Isabel Welsh. Second, she made the photolithograph Red Flag in 1971 ( Fig. 1). Third, in 1972 Chicago created the ...Judy Chicago is one of the most internationally recognized contemporary artists in the United States. Early in the 1970s women’s movement, Chicago consciously sought to explore what it means to be both a woman and an artist. She is best known for her large, multi-media projects such as The Dinner Party, The Birth Project, The Holocaust …Judy Chicago has opened trails in art and feminism, in oil, stained glass, porcelain and now an app. Her works are housed around the world and never stop …Judy Chicago, The Dinner Party, 1974–79, ceramic, porcelain, and textile, 1463 x 1463 cm (Brooklyn Museum) ... It was also a testament to Chicago’s ability to create a work of art that spoke to people who had not previously been a part of the art world. When the exhibition opened at the Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco in March of 1979, it was mobbed. Judy …Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist … See more If ever there were an artist deserving of recuperation, someone whose work has been consistently dismissed, stereotyped, and neglected—and, paradoxically, is vital to understanding so many trajectories of contemporary practice—it’s Judy Chicago. View of “Judy Chicago: Herstory,” 2023–24, New Museum, New York. Mar 3, 2001 · Preparations. “ Made in California: Feminist Art Education ” writing by Judy Chicago March 3, 2001 (Box 11, 10) This Chapter, Reflections on the first feminist art program. will help participants, researchers and educators understand the Fresno Feminist Project from personal accounts by participants Nancy Youdelman and Karen LeCocq within a ... Recently, Chicago challenged a recent assessment of the work by Esther Allen, who accused the artist overlooking Latin American figures like La Malinche and Frida Kahlo. Judy Chicago (American, b ... Judy Chicago. Judy Chicago (nascida Judith Sylvia Cohen, 20 de julho de 1939) é uma artista feminista, arte-educadora [ 1] e escritora americana conhecida por suas grandes instalações de arte colaborativas sobre imagens de nascimento e criação, que examinam o papel das mulheres na história e cultura. Na década de 1970, Chicago fundou o ... When Judy Chicago and Miriam Schapiro began the Feminist Art Program at CalArts, the school’s new Valencia campus was not complete, so they had to work off-site. They decided to use a soon-to-be ...Oct 23, 2017 · Oct. 23, 2017. Donald Woodman. “V-a-g-i-n-a…”. Judy Chicago, the 78-year-old feminist art pioneer, was painstakingly typing into her oversized smartphone last week when her husband, the ... These five institutions have collaborated to create the Judy Chicago Portal, providing unified access to these archives and collections. Additionally, the Judy Chicago Art Education award, given annually by Through the Flower, a non-profit organization co-founded by Judy in 1977, is available to researchers in any of the five archives. The most comprehensive survey to date of the legendary feminist artist Judy Chicago. One of the most important contemporary American artists, Judy Chicago is known for multimedia works that embrace an explicitly feminist methodology. Accompanying a major retrospective at the New Museum, this book showcases Chicago’s tremendous impact …When Judy Chicago and Miriam Schapiro began the Feminist Art Program at CalArts, the school’s new Valencia campus was not complete, so they had to work off-site. They decided to use a soon-to-be ...W Carriage Dr. London W2 2AR, United Kingdom. In Summer 2024, Serpentine will present an exhibition of trailblazing artist, author, educator and feminist icon Judy Chicago (b. …Judy Chicago, Atmospheres 15. From her seminal work of feminist art, “ The Dinner Party ” (1979) to the time she undermined the phallic-nature of architecture by creating a grand womb-like space for Dior’s SS20 couture show in Paris, Judy Chicago is known for challenging what she describes as the “mass terrorism” of toxic masculinity.Judy Chicago, Earth Birth, 1983, sprayed Versatex and DMC floss on fabric, 62.5 x 132.2 in., quilting by Jacquelyn Moore Alexander, collection of Longlati Foundation, China. …W Carriage Dr. London W2 2AR, United Kingdom. In Summer 2024, Serpentine will present an exhibition of trailblazing artist, author, educator and feminist icon Judy Chicago (b. …One of Judy Chicago’s primary goals was to overcome the erasure of women’s achievements that is symbolically expressed in The Dinner Party, her monumental history of women in Western Civilization, now permanently housed at the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art at the Brooklyn Museum.. This page is intended to help students, scholars and museums locate …Judy Chicago became the most famous feminist artist of her generation when, for her monumental Dinner Party (1974–79), she enlisted hundreds of women volunteers to contribute craftwork to her ...Judy Chicago is an artist, author, feminist, educator, and intellectual whose career now spans four decades. Her influence both within and beyond the art community is attested to by her inclusion in hundreds of publications throughout the world. Her art has been frequently exhibited in the United States and internationally, and her ten published books …Work consists of 39 dinner place settings of porcelain flatware (fork, knife and spoon), porcelain chalice, and decorated porcelain plate. Each setting is laid out on a separate embroidered textile runner. Thirteen place settings are on each side (48 feet long) of a triangular table draped with a white felt cloth, with a triangular millennium runner at each …Judy Chicago, it seems, might not be as easy to define as we’ve always thought. “Judy Chicago” is on at the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art in Newcastle, UK, until April 19, 2020. Her ... Judy Chicago. Judy Chicago is an artist, author, feminist, educator, and intellectual whose career now spans four decades. Her influence both within and beyond the art community is attested to by her inclusion in hundreds of publications throughout the world. Her art has been frequently exhibited in the United States and internationally, and ... “The Dinner Party” Role In: women’s rights movement. Judy Chicago (born July 20, 1939, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.) American feminist artist whose complex and focused installations created some of the visual context of …Judy Chicago Retrospective Brings the Artist Full Circle. No one can deny that Chicago tackles “big” topics, but paradoxically it’s her most intimate and personal work that comes across as ...Chicago, fellow artist Mirium Shapiro, and about 20 students from the Feminist Art Program at California Institute of Arts transformed an abandoned mansion into an artist collective dedicated to exploring women’s experiences and the domestic sphere. “Womanhouse” is the project in this exhibition that comes closest to a depiction of a utopian feminist past. … Judy Chicago is an American artist and major figure within the early Feminist Art movement of the 1970s, and is considered one of the most prominent voices in ongoing dialogue about women and art. Working alongside peers such as Miriam Schapiro , Chicago consistently challenges the male-dominated art world and sought to draw attention to ... Womanhouse opened in Los Angeles as part of the first Feminist Art Program, originally established by Judy Chicago at California State University, Fresno, and later expanded at CalArts. Chicago with her co-educator, artist Miriam Schapiro, worked with a group of students and local artists to transform a dilapidated house in Los Angeles into a setting for a series of …Judy Chicago is an artist and author. To tie in with the 50th anniversary of the Beatles album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, Chicago has created a m...Judy Chicago is an artist, author, feminist, educator, and intellectual whose career now spans four decades. Her influence both within and beyond the art community is attested to by her inclusion in hundreds of publications throughout the world. Her art has been frequently exhibited in the United States and internationally, and her ten published books … Judy Chicago is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation im... In the 27 years since Chicago and her husband, the photographer Donald Woodman, blazed a trail to the town of Belen, New Mexico—pop. 7,152—their own, considerably more modest, dinner table has ...I’m very glad I decided to bring new life to that early work. It taught me that one should always trust one’s own impulses as an artist, even in the face of rejection, ridicule or silence. September 2015. Interview with the artist Judy Chicago, included in the World Goes Pop exhibition at Tate Modern.During her career as a feminist artist, Judy Chicago created many works honoring the experiences and achievements of women. Oct 27, 2022 • By Stefanie Graf, …Judy Chicago, The Dinner Party, 1974-1979, Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art at the Brooklyn Museum, New York, NY, USA. Kevin Case/Flickr (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0). Detail. Dinner is served for some of the most famous and important women in history. Goddesses, saints, artists, poets, writers, queens, wives, mothers, and …C urator Hetti Perkins once described Judy Watson’s work as a “tender trap”, for its “seductive beauty” and ability to transmit powerful, often painful messages. This is …The Dinner Party. The Dinner Party, widely regarded as the first epic feminist artwork, is a symbolic history of women in Western civilization. The multi-media work consists of a dining table that is an equilateral triangle with 39 place settings, each representing either a woman or a goddess, and consisting of a china-painted ceramic plate ...Writing in Judy Chicago: An American Vision (the first monograph to appear on the artist), British art historian Edward Lucie-Smith stated: “PowerPlay, begun in 1982, is an enterprise that overlapped with the Birth Project, but that could hardly be more different. In fact, almost the only thing the two series of images have in common is that they are both …Between 1968 and 1974, Judy Chicago executed a series of increasingly complex fireworks pieces that involved site specific performances around California. Some of these works, titled Atmospheres, were intended to transform and soften the landscape, introducing a feminine impulse into the environment, while others focused on re-creating early ...Judy Chicago, Earth Birth, 1983, sprayed Versatex and DMC floss on fabric, 62.5 x 132.2 in., quilting by Jacquelyn Moore Alexander, collection of Longlati Foundation, China. …Judy Chicago and Miriam experiments in pedagogy at Fresno State College in 1970–71, the program aimed to Schapiro, Womanhouse (Valencia, “help women restructure their personalities to be consistent with their desires to be CA: Feminist Art Program, California Institute of the Arts, artists and to help them build their art making out of their experiences as women.”2 1972), …Throughout her career, Chicago has been as much of a proselytizer and teacher as an artist, always at the ready to celebrate the women who inspired her and came before her. “Judy Chicago ...In 1970, Judy Chicago and fifteen students founded the groundbreaking Feminist Art Program (FAP) at Fresno State. Drawing upon the consciousness-raising techniques of the women's liberation movement, they created shocking new art forms depicting female experiences. Collaborative work and performance art – including the famous "Cunt ...When the Santa Barbara Museum of Art commissioned a piece, Chicago exploded orange and yellow smoke along a strip of the museum’s concrete wall. “It looked like the museum was on fire. I loved that,” she remembers. “Because, of course, museums were not exactly hospitable to women artists.”.Dec. 6, 2023. Not long after completing “The Dinner Party” (1974-79), her monumental installation dedicated to historical women, the artist Judy Chicago began researching depictions of birth ...Inspired by the wave of support for public art projects in Chicago during the late 1960s and ’70s—including works by Pablo Picasso and Alexander Calder — Chagall gifted these monumental stained glass windows to the Art Institute of Chicago in 1977. Designed as a tribute to the city’s 1976 bicentennial celebrations, Chagall’s imagery ...Judy Chicago is one of the most internationally recognized contemporary artists in the United States. Early in the 1970s women’s movement, Chicago consciously sought to explore what it means to be both a woman and an artist. She is best known for her large, multi-media projects such as The Dinner Party, The Birth Project, The Holocaust …Artist Judy Chicago born 1939 Medium Photo-etching on paper. Dimensions Image: 508 × 610 mm. Collection Tate. Acquisition Presented by the Tate Americas Foundation, purchased using endowment income 2017, accessioned 2021. Reference P15227 You …Courtesy of the New Museum. After finishing her MFA at UCLA, Judy Chicago enrolled in auto-body school. She was the only woman in a class of 250. For the then 29-year-old artist, talking about the patriarchy wasn’t enough: She also wanted to hack into the spheres that it has designated as masculine. At that time, it was the auto …When Judy Chicago unveiled “The Dinner Party” in San Francisco in 1979, she turned the art world upside down with the first epic work for the Feminist Art movement. Around an equilateral triangle table, she crafted elaborate place settings for 39 female figures from the history of western civilisation, beginning with the Primordial Goddess and ending with Georgia …Recently, Chicago challenged a recent assessment of the work by Esther Allen, who accused the artist overlooking Latin American figures like La Malinche and Frida Kahlo. Judy Chicago (American, b ...Writing in Judy Chicago: An American Vision (the first monograph to appear on the artist), British art historian Edward Lucie-Smith stated: “PowerPlay, begun in 1982, is an enterprise that overlapped with the Birth Project, but that could hardly be more different. In fact, almost the only thing the two series of images have in common is that they are both …Judy Chicago. 3.88. 67 ratings8 reviews. This detailed portrait of the evolution of internationally renowned artist, writer, and feminist Judy Chicago--creator of "The Dinner Party" and "Holocaust Project"--lifts the veil of the public persona she has become and reveals Chicago's personal struggles as an artist and feminist in late 20th-century ...About the Artist. An influential feminist artist, author, and educator, Judy Chicago helped establish the Feminist Art Movement of the 1970s. Named as one of Time Magazine’s …The work, is, of course The Dinner Party by Judy Chicago. Chicago, born Judith Sylvia Cohen on 20 July 1939 in Chicago, Illinois, began her career as a fairly conventional minimalist painter and sculptor. Yet her interests turned towards feminist politics and gender equality, during the rise of second-wave feminism and women’s liberation ...The "herstory" of groundbreaking, feminist, multi-hyphenated artist Judy Chicago spans six decades of boundary-pushing creative activity in a kaleidoscope of media — painting, printmaking ... The Dinner Party by Judy Chicago is an icon of feminist art, which represents 1,038 women in history—39 women are represented by place settings and another 999 names are inscribed in the Heritage Floor on which the table rests. This monumental work of art is comprised of a triangular table divided by three wings, each 48 feet long. Chicago, fellow artist Mirium Shapiro, and about 20 students from the Feminist Art Program at California Institute of Arts transformed an abandoned mansion into an artist collective dedicated to exploring women’s experiences and the domestic sphere. “Womanhouse” is the project in this exhibition that comes closest to a depiction of a utopian feminist past. …On Fire at Eighty, 2019. Cirrus Gallery and Cirrus Editions Ltd. What defines a Judy Chicago work? Until now, the artist’s quintessential piece has been The Dinner …1. Judy Chicago, Birth Hood, 1965/2011. Birth Hood is one of three works on display from Chicago’s 1964-65 Hoods series. After completing her studies at UCLA, the artist enrolled in an auto-body school, the only woman among 250 male students, and created the series, executed on mass-produced car hoods, using sprayed automotive … These five institutions have collaborated to create the Judy Chicago Portal, providing unified access to these archives and collections. Additionally, the Judy Chicago Art Education award, given annually by Through the Flower, a non-profit organization co-founded by Judy in 1977, is available to researchers in any of the five archives. In 1970 Judy Chicago started the first feminist art program in the United States at Fresno State College, with the goal of helping young women studying art to become professional artists. After a year in Fresno, Chicago returned to Los Angeles, where she founded the Feminist Art Program at the California Institute for the Arts (CalArts) with her fellow …If ever there were an artist deserving of recuperation, someone whose work has been consistently dismissed, stereotyped, and neglected—and, paradoxically, is vital to understanding so many trajectories of contemporary practice—it’s Judy Chicago. View of “Judy Chicago: Herstory,” 2023–24, New Museum, New York. Judy Chicago is an American artist and major figure within the early Feminist Art movement of the 1970s, and is considered one of the most prominent voices in ongoing dialogue about women and art. Working alongside peers such as Miriam Schapiro , Chicago consistently challenges the male-dominated art world and sought to draw attention to ... Judy Chicago, Study for Caroline Herschel, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Blackwell, and Ethel Smyth plates, from The Dinner Party (1978). Courtesy of the artist and Salon 94, New York. Courtesy of ... The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco celebrate pioneering feminist artist Judy Chicago with a retrospective spanning from her early engagement with the Californian Light and Space Movement in the 1960s to her current body of work, a searing investigation of mortality and environmental devastation, begun in 2015. The exhibition includes approximately 130 paintings, prints, drawings, and ... The Women Who Changed Art Forever is a graphic novel written by Valentina Grande with the illustrations of Eva Rossetti. It’s a visual journey through the memories and artistic careers of four artists who made and developed the feminist art movement: Judy Chicago, Faith Ringgold, Ana Mendieta, and the Guerrilla Girls.These artists show us four …This brilliant artist’s time may have finally come. Tate Modern, London SE1 (tate.org.uk), ... Judy Chicago: Revelations. Chicago’s best known for serving up The Dinner Party: a …Judy Chicago, The Dinner Party, 1974-1979, Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art at the Brooklyn Museum, New York, NY, USA. Kevin Case/Flickr (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0). Detail. Dinner is served for some of the most famous and important women in history. Goddesses, saints, artists, poets, writers, queens, wives, mothers, and …Judy Chicago / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / DACS 2021. Flipping the script chronologically forces us to confront Chicago’s work from the last few decades, which art critics have been ...Between 1968 and 1974, Judy Chicago executed a series of increasingly complex fireworks pieces that involved site specific performances around California. Some of these works, titled Atmospheres, were intended to transform and soften the landscape, introducing a feminine impulse into the environment, while others focused on re-creating early ...Judy Chicago wants you to know a few things about birth and dying. But first, she wants you to know she’s still here. On her 80th birthday this past month, the influential American feminist ... Judy Chicago. Judy Chicago (nascida Judith Sylvia Cohen, 20 de julho de 1939) é uma artista feminista, arte-educadora [ 1] e escritora americana conhecida por suas grandes instalações de arte colaborativas sobre imagens de nascimento e criação, que examinam o papel das mulheres na história e cultura. Na década de 1970, Chicago fundou o ... Judy Chicago first turned to pyrotechnics in the late 1960s in an effort to feminize the atmosphere at a time when the southern California art scene was almost entirely male dominated. Between 1968 and 1974, Judy Chicago executed a series of increasingly complex fireworks pieces that involved site specific performances around California. …Chicago is undeniably an icon of the feminist art canon, and so much of her work refers to the erasure of women from dominant museum narratives. Herstory at the New Museum follows the trajectory ...Oct 12, 2023 · Judy Chicago/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York; Photo by Clark Hodgin for The New York Times. Born Judith Cohen, she has played with self-image since she rechristened herself Judy Chicago ... It’s a huge stained glass panel by the feminist Jewish artist Judy Chicago, and it is one of the centerpieces of “Judy Chicago: Herstory” at the New Museum, the first comprehensive New York ...

The pioneering artist Judy Chicago's autobiography, "The Flowering," with an introduction by Gloria Steinem, is due in July. At 81, Chicago’s opportunities continue to multiply. Price Database. Subaru grand prix

judy chicago artist

Women’s History Is at the Forefront of Judy Chicago’s Retrospective at the New Museum in New York. By Francesca Aton. October 11, 2023 8:36am. Judy Chicago: In the Shadow of the Handgun, 1983 ...Work consists of 39 dinner place settings of porcelain flatware (fork, knife and spoon), porcelain chalice, and decorated porcelain plate. Each setting is laid out on a separate embroidered textile runner. Thirteen place settings are on each side (48 feet long) of a triangular table draped with a white felt cloth, with a triangular millennium runner at each of three corners.Artist Judy Chicago born 1939 Medium Photograph, gelatin silver print on paper. Dimensions Image: 660 × 504 mm. Collection Tate. Acquisition Presented by the Tate Americas Foundation, purchased using endowment income 2017, accessioned 2021. Reference P15228 You might like ...Such could be said of The Flowering: The Autobiography of Judy Chicago (Thames & Hudson), the extraordinary 416-page memoir that she penned while in social isolation. Releasing July 20, Chicago takes us on an intimate tour of her development as an artist, sharing the challenges, struggles, and triumphs to make space for women in the …Judy Chicago is famous for The Dinner Party (1974–79), a work of art celebrating the overlooked historic achievements of women. So, it’s fitting that the great feminist artist’s first New ...Judy Chicago. April 17, 2019 by sculpturemag. “Judy Chicago: A Reckoning,” a major survey of the artist’s work at The Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami, closes on April 21. What follows is an interview expanded from our back-page feature, Object Lessons, in the March/April issue. Nov 19th 2020 — Dec 18th 2020. Find out more. Jeffrey Deitch presents Judy Chicago’s eleven-banner installation, along with accompanying studies on paper, for the first time in the U.S. Initially created as part of “The Female Divine,” a fashion collection made in collaboration with Dior, this exhibition is organized in conjunction with ... Oct 11, 2023 · Women’s History Is at the Forefront of Judy Chicago’s Retrospective at the New Museum in New York. By Francesca Aton. October 11, 2023 8:36am. Judy Chicago: In the Shadow of the Handgun, 1983 ... Judy Chicago began her career in Los Angeles as an artist in the Minimalist sub-genre known as the Los Angeles-based “Finish Fetish” movement. “Rainbow Pickett”(1965/2004) is one of several room-sized or nearly room-sized sculptural installations she created for her first solo gallery show, held at the Rolf Nelson Gallery in Los Angeles ... Born to Jewish radical parents in Chicago in 1939, Judy Cohen grew up to be Judy Chicago—one of the most daring and controversial artists of her generation. Her works, once disparaged and misunderstood by the critics, have become icons of the feminist movement, earning her a place among the most influential artists of her time. In …Art and artists. Store. Members. Tickets. Judy Chicago. American, born 1937. Works. Exhibitions. Audio. Wikipedia entry. Getty record. Associated art terms. …In 1970, Judy Chicago and fifteen students founded the groundbreaking Feminist Art Program (FAP) at Fresno State. Drawing upon the consciousness-raising techniques of the women's liberation movement, they created shocking new art forms depicting female experiences. Collaborative work and performance art – including the famous "Cunt ...1. Judy Chicago, Birth Hood, 1965/2011. Birth Hood is one of three works on display from Chicago’s 1964-65 Hoods series. After completing her studies at UCLA, the artist enrolled in an auto-body school, the only woman among 250 male students, and created the series, executed on mass-produced car hoods, using sprayed automotive …Writing in Judy Chicago: An American Vision (the first monograph to appear on the artist), British art historian Edward Lucie-Smith stated: “PowerPlay, begun in 1982, is an enterprise that overlapped with the Birth Project, but that could hardly be more different. In fact, almost the only thing the two series of images have in common is that they are both …The space was part of a 225-foot-long and 45-foot-high inflatable anthropomorphic sculpture, installed in the gardens of the Musée Rodin, by the pioneering American artist Judy Chicago. The 80 ...Nov 14, 2019 · Until now, the artist’s quintessential piece has been The Dinner Party (1974–79)—one of the most iconic works of the 20th century, and perhaps the most famous feminist artwork of all time. Chicago first exhibited the installation in 1979, and everything she did before, and has done since, has been eclipsed by it—something the artist ... Judy Chicago (born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1939) is an American artist.She is known for her art work in multiple techniques. She is also known for her activism in the feminist art movement in the 1970s.. Chicago went to school at the Art Institute of Chicago and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).Judy Chicago Retrospective Brings the Artist Full Circle. No one can deny that Chicago tackles “big” topics, but paradoxically it’s her most intimate and personal work that comes across as ...Mar 2, 2006 · Judy Chicago wrote Through the FLower to document how it was to be a woman artist in the 1970's: she was a student in the early 1960's and the art world was the male art world. Judy was involved in raising awareness both among women - that their art was important, that women artists had something to say which could only be said by women, and to ... Nov 19th 2020 — Dec 18th 2020. Find out more. Jeffrey Deitch presents Judy Chicago’s eleven-banner installation, along with accompanying studies on paper, for the first time in the U.S. Initially created as part of “The Female Divine,” a fashion collection made in collaboration with Dior, this exhibition is organized in conjunction with ... .

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