Education and information technologies - In today’s fast-paced digital world, technology has become an integral part of the education system. One innovative tool that is revolutionizing the way students learn and understa...

 
Examining the Relationships Between English Teachers’ Lifelong Learning Tendencies with Professional Competencies and Technology Integrating Self-Efficacy. Nihal Şen. Hatice Yildiz Durak. OriginalPaper 24 January 2022 Pages: 5953 - 5988.. Ground breaking

The prevalence of e-learning systems has made educational resources more accessible, interactive and effective to learners without the geographic and temporal boundaries. However, as the number of users increases and the volume of data grows, current e-learning systems face some technical and pedagogical challenges. This paper …These endeavors have made new contribution to globalization and creating a community of shared future. To adapt to this changing world and China's fast development in this new area, The International Conference on Internet, Education and Information Technology(IEIT 2021) is to be held in April 16-18 2021.MIT is creating a new definition of "bilingual." The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is adding a new college of artificial intelligence, but it’s not just meant for those wit...The use of technological tools is increasing rapidly in all fields, especially in education, which has moved from pen, pencil, and books, to using interactive technologies to help impart knowledge and understanding. Recent years have witnessed students facilitating immersive digital technology. However, it remains a challenge to provide …1. Computers & Education · 2. Education and Information Technologies · 3. British Journal of Educational Technology · 4. International Journal of Instructi...Feb 14, 2024 · How are AI, immersive environments, gamification and data-gathering shaping education in 2024? Stanford scholars explore the opportunities and challenges of these technologies and their impact on teaching and learning. The encyclopedia covers all aspects of the interaction between education and information technologies, including IT in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, universities, training colleges, industry training, distance education and further education. It also covers teaching and computing, the use of IT in many different subject areas ...On 5 February 2024, a presentation of a new Russian-language online course on media and information literacy was held by UNESCO IITE and UNESCO-ICHEI within the joint project. The online course is intended for teachers and staff members of educational organizations in Central Asia and other Russian-speaking countries. 12 February 2024.The Journal of Education and Information Technologies (EAIT) is a platform for the range of debates and issues in the field of Computing Education as well as the many uses of information and communication technology (ICT) across many educational subjects and sectors. It probes the use of computing to improve education …Oct 4, 2022 · Modern technology integration in higher education on the example of artificial intelligence use as a personalized learning platform can facilitate learning of various subjects. The research questions are explained by the desire to obtain new experimental data on the modern technology integration in higher education using artificial intelligence as an example, and based on the data obtained, to ... The prevalence of e-learning systems has made educational resources more accessible, interactive and effective to learners without the geographic and temporal boundaries. However, as the number of users increases and the volume of data grows, current e-learning systems face some technical and pedagogical challenges. This paper …With the digital revolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in language education, the way how people write and create stories has been transformed in recent years. Although recent studies have started to examine the roles of AI in literacy, there is a lack of systematic review to inform how it has been applied and what has been achieved in story-writing. … Daner Sun, Education University of Hong Kong, China Łukasz Tomczyk, Jagiellonian University, Poland Yong Zheng, Illinois Institute of Technology, IL, USA Board Members Vassilis Argyropoulos, University of Thessaly, Greece Matt Bower, Macquarie University, Australia Ta-Tao Chuang, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington, USA Education and Information Technologies - Special issue guidelines Periodically, Education and Information Technologies runs special issues on topics of significant interest to the educational technology community. We welcome special issue proposals that meet our current guidelines: Special Issues originating from conferences or workshops …With the rapid development of digital technology, the current field of digital technology in vocational education around the world is ready to or has already entered the digital transformation stage. China, as an emerging force among developing countries, is diligently striving to catch up in this particular domain. As such, this study aspires for a …A design-based research approach for developing data-focussed business curricula. Shah J. Miah. Ian Solomonides. John G. Gammack. OriginalPaper 08 August 2019 Pages: 553 - 581. Part of 1 collection: Special Issue on: Learning Management Systems and Big Data Technologies for Higher Education.Analytical study on the impact of technology in higher education during the age of COVID-19: Systematic literature review. Manar Abu Talib. Anissa M. Bettayeb. Razan I. Omer. ContinuingEducation 30 March 2021 Pages: 6719 - 6746. Part of 1 collection: Education, IT and the COVID-19 Pandemic.The Journal of Education and Information Technologies (EAIT) is a platform for the range of debates and issues in the field of Computing Education as well as the many uses of information and communication technology (ICT) across many educational subjects and sectors. It probes the use of computing to improve education and learning …Digital equity and intercultural education both share the goal of promoting opportunity for all people. Digital equity refers to the social-justice goal of ensuring that everyone has equal access to technology tools, computers and the Internet, as well as the knowledge and skills to use these resources to enhance their personal lives.Educational Data Mining (EDM) is an interdisciplinary field that encapsulates different fields such as computer science, education, and statistics. It is crucial to make data mining in education to shape future trends in education for policymakers, researchers, and educators in terms of developments. To have an all-inclusive …Open educational resources (OER) Edupreneurship business models for different stakeholders. Hamda Darwish. OriginalPaper 10 July 2019 Pages: 3855 - 3886. Volume 24, issue 6 articles listing for Education and Information Technologies.Programming education has become increasingly important in today’s tech-driven world. As more industries rely on technology, there is a growing demand for individuals with strong p...Oct 21, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) is an emerging interdisciplinary field that applies artificial intelligence technologies to transform instructional design and student learning. However, most research has investigated AIEd from the technological perspective, which cannot achieve a deep understand of the complex roles of AI in instructional and learning processes and its relationship ... This paper addresses a conundrum: despite the ubiquity of technology in the business world, no clear role has emerged in education. After many years of national policies and investment in Information Technologies in the UK and elsewhere, technology is still an imposed and novel 'outsider' in the pedagogy of schools. This paper charts a series of …Information and Communications Technology (ICT) can impact student learning when teachers are digitally literate and understand how to integrate it into curriculum. Schools use a diverse set of ICT tools to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information.(6) In some contexts, ICT has also become integral to the teaching-learning …Active learning entails encountering new information or ideas, engaging with them, and reflecting on what was learned (Fink 2003).A meta-analysis of studies conducted on active learning indicates that it is associated with stronger learning outcomes compared to transmissionist approaches in which teachers impart knowledge which …7208 Education and Information Technologies (2021) 26:7205–7224. 1 3 materials, assessments, and forums. It is the face of e-learning at Hashemite University and the platform from which students download the necessary learn-ing materials, interact with other students and teachers, submit their completedOverview. This is the official journal of the IFIP Technical Committee on Education. It covers the complex relationships between information and communication technologies and education. The journal provides perspectives at all levels, from the micro of specific applications or instances of use in classrooms to macro concerns of national ...The effect of web based blended learning on students’ academic achievement and attitudes towards English course. Murat Inal. Özgen Korkmaz. OriginalPaper 27 February 2019 Pages: 2603 - 2619. Volume 24, issue 4 articles listing for Education and Information Technologies.Mar 14, 2024 ... The Standard Abbreviation (ISO4) of Education and Information Technologies is Educ Inf Technol (Dordr). Education and Information ...Feb 6, 2023 · Education and Information Technologies (EAIT) is a research journal that covers the complex relationships between Information and Communication Technologies and Education. EAIT is the official journal of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), Technical Committee on Education (TC3). The use of technological tools is increasing rapidly in all fields, especially in education, which has moved from pen, pencil, and books, to using interactive technologies to help impart knowledge and understanding. Recent years have witnessed students facilitating immersive digital technology. However, it remains a challenge to provide …A number of systematic reviews were conducted with respect to social media on the one hand, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) application, on the other hand. However, analyzing the TAM in social media context is still questioned and requires further examination. The main objective of this systematic review is to analyze …With the digital revolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in language education, the way how people write and create stories has been transformed in recent years. Although recent studies have started to examine the roles of AI in literacy, there is a lack of systematic review to inform how it has been applied and what has been achieved in story-writing. …Feb 17, 2024 · With the rapid development of digital technology, the current field of digital technology in vocational education around the world is ready to or has already entered the digital transformation stage. China, as an emerging force among developing countries, is diligently striving to catch up in this particular domain. As such, this study aspires for a cross-fertilization of ideas between China ... Learn how information and communication technology (ICT) can impact student learning when teachers are digitally literate and understand how to integrate it into curriculum. …Jan 20, 2023 · The influence of social education level on cybersecurity awareness and behaviour: a comparative study of university students and working graduates. Wilson Cheong Hin Hong. ChunYang Chi. XiaoShu Xu. OriginalPaper 30 June 2022 Pages: 439 - 470. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) can impact student learning when teachers are digitally literate and understand how to integrate it into curriculum. Schools use a diverse set of ICT tools to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information.(6) In some contexts, ICT has also become integral to the teaching-learning …You can register now by self-enrolling on D2L Brightspace for the 2024 MSU Educational Technology Summit! More details about speakers to come. Feel free to …The scientific journal Education and Information Technologies is included in the Scopus database. Based on 2020, SJR is 0.782. Publisher country is United States of America. The main subject areas of published articles are Education, Library and Information Sciences, EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH. We offer making basic requirements to ...The consistent finding of a growing number of studies suggests that teachers’ beliefs, knowledge and digital skills, as well as the obstacles they perceive to the implementation of such technology, plays a key role in defining the ways teachers integrate digital technologies into early childhood education (cf. Blackwell et al. 2013; Masoumi …This encyclopedia aims to offer researchers an indication of the breadth and importance of information systems in education, including the way IT is being used, and could be used to enable learning and teaching. The encyclopedia covers all aspects of the interaction between education and information technologies, including IT in kindergartens ... This breadth of coverage allows Education and Information Technologies to examine fundamental issues at all levels, discuss specific instances and cases, draw inference and probe theory. This journal is embedded in the research and practice of professionals. This is the official journal of the IFIP Technical Committee on Education. Education and Information Technologies (2023) 28:6695–6726 to identify the factors that can encourage an eective and ecient change in the school environment. To address the issues outlined above, we formulated the follow - ing research questions: a) What is the impact of digital technologies on education?Jan 20, 2023 · The influence of social education level on cybersecurity awareness and behaviour: a comparative study of university students and working graduates. Wilson Cheong Hin Hong. ChunYang Chi. XiaoShu Xu. OriginalPaper 30 June 2022 Pages: 439 - 470. However, despite some assumptions regarding its influence on education, how teachers may actually use the technology and the nature of its relationship with teachers remain under-investigated. Thus, in this study, the relationship between ChatGPT and teachers was explored with a particular focus on identifying the complementary roles … Special Issue on: The trends of blended learning in South East Asia. Ford Lumban Gaol. 13 Articles. Special Issue on: What will be the new normal? Digital competence and 21st century skills: critical and emergent issues in the K-12 education. Guest Editors: Fazilat Siddiq, Anders D. Olofsson, J Ola Lindberg and Łukasz Tomczyk. 18 Articles. Updated with comment and detail from Foxconn. Updated with comment and detail from Foxconn. Foxconn believes that students are the future, at least judging by its deal with China’s...Determining the barriers contributing to ICT implementation by using technology- organization-environment framework in Ethiopian higher educational institutions Amanuel Ayde Ergado, Amare Desta & Hemini Mehta Education and Information Technologies The Official Journal of the IFIP Technical Committee on Education ISSN 1360-2357 …The scientific journal Education and Information Technologies is included in the Scopus database. Based on 2020, SJR is 0.782. Publisher country is United States of America. The main subject areas of published articles are Education, Library and Information Sciences, EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH. We offer making basic requirements to ...Overview. This is the official journal of the IFIP Technical Committee on Education. It covers the complex relationships between information and communication technologies and education. The journal provides perspectives at all levels, from the micro of specific applications or instances of use in classrooms to macro concerns of national ...Aug 20, 2021 · Education and Information Technologies - Beyond Bricks and Mortar: The efficacy of online learning and community‑building at College Park Academy during the COVID‑19 pandemic by Kate Maloney Williams and Anne Corwith (University of Maryland, Maryland, USA) looks at how restrictions due to COVID-19 impacted College Park Academy (CPA), a public charter middle and high school that typically ... “STEM” is often a misunderstood term. Some might assume it’s complicated, unapproachable, or only for people in white lab coats inside a research facility. But STEM—which stands fo...Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection (ProQuest), Communication Abstracts (EBSCO), Communication Source (EBSCO), Education Collection (ProQuest), Education Source Ultimate (EBSCO), INSPEC (The Institution of Engineering and Technology), RILM Abstracts of Music Literature (Répertoire International de Littérature Musicale), …Education and Information Technologies (EAIT) is a research journal that covers the complex relationships between Information and Communication Technologies and Education. EAIT is the official journal of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), Technical Committee on Education (TC3). The research described in …May 7, 2018 · The use of technological tools is increasing rapidly in all fields, especially in education, which has moved from pen, pencil, and books, to using interactive technologies to help impart knowledge and understanding. Recent years have witnessed students facilitating immersive digital technology. However, it remains a challenge to provide sufficient learning medias to higher education students ... The scientific journal Education and Information Technologies is included in the Scopus database. Based on 2020, SJR is 0.782. Publisher country is United States of America. The main subject areas of published articles are Education, Library and Information Sciences, EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH. We offer making basic requirements to ...INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRAINING. Cisco. Cloud Technologies. CompTia. Cybersecurity. Graphic Design. Microsoft Office. Microsoft Technical. Oracle. …Virtual classrooms based on the metaverse or virtual reality are useful and effective for imparting basic chemistry concepts. Interactive and immersive environments can effectively teach fundamental chemistry concepts, such as chemical bonding and formulas, thereby making these otherwise abstract and intangible ideas more accessible …Information and communication technology (ICT) has been applied for 100 years in education, ever since the popularization of radio in the 1920s. But it is the use of digital …Learning strategies as a mediator for motivation and a sense of achievement among students who study in MOOCs. Noga Magen-Nagar. Lizi Cohen. OriginalPaper 22 April 2016 Pages: 1271 - 1290. Volume 22, issue 3 articles listing for Education and Information Technologies.‘the set of knowledge, skills, attitudes, abilities, strategies and awareness that are required when using ICT [information and communication technologies] and digital media to perform tasks; solve problems; communicate; manage information; collaborate; create and share content; and build knowledge effectively, efficiently, …The 100 categories they identified can be divided into six top-level themes, which give an immediate sense of what generative AI is being used for: Technical …You can register now by self-enrolling on D2L Brightspace for the 2024 MSU Educational Technology Summit! More details about speakers to come. Feel free to …Video conferencing provides educators and businesses with the opportunity to learn, share and interact across distances. Video conferencing technology utilizes both the telephone a...With the rapid advancement of technology, computers have become an integral part of our lives. Whether it’s for work, entertainment, or education, having a reliable and up-to-date ...Nursing education has come a long way since its inception. With the advancement in technology, the way nursing education is delivered has changed significantly. The College of Nurs...With the rapid advancement of technology, computers have become an integral part of our lives. Whether it’s for work, entertainment, or education, having a reliable and up-to-date ...Modern technology integration in higher education on the example of artificial intelligence use as a personalized learning platform can facilitate learning of various subjects. The research questions are explained by the desire to obtain new experimental data on the modern technology integration in higher education using artificial intelligence as an …Currently, students have ample opportunities to access new technology, and according to studies, students have a positive attitude toward new technology use (Farwell & Waters, 2010).Even before technological contexts emerged, collaboration and social exchanges were claimed to be central to learning (Friesen & Lowe, 2012).In addition to …Education and Information Technologies - Beyond Bricks and Mortar: The efficacy of online learning and community‑building at College Park Academy during the COVID‑19 pandemic by Kate Maloney Williams and Anne Corwith (University of Maryland, Maryland, USA) looks at how restrictions due to COVID-19 impacted College Park …Informatics is slightly broader than Computer Science, but is the term used widely across Europe to refer to this discipline, for example the Joint Informatics Europe & ACM Europe Working Group on Informatics Education use the term Informatics to “cover the entire set of scientific concepts that make information technology possible” (2013 …2.1 The blended learning context and the (dis-)engagement compound. BL combines online and physical elements, such as instruction, material, resources, and learning activities (Bonk & Graham, 2012).For the purpose of this article, digital technologies refer to the devices (e.g., laptops, mobile phones), digital resources with …In today’s fast-paced digital world, technology has become an integral part of the education system. One innovative tool that is revolutionizing the way students learn and understa...Information and Communication Technologies in Education Master's Program (without Thesis) (M.S., 1 - 1.5 Years) · Description · Curriculum · Admission &mid...Norcini (2017) Qualitative and quantitative feedback in the context of competency-based education. Ara, Tekian Christopher J., Watling Trudie E., Roberts Yvonne, Steinert John, Norcini (2017 ...Feb 6, 2023 · Education and Information Technologies (EAIT) is a research journal that covers the complex relationships between Information and Communication Technologies and Education. EAIT is the official journal of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), Technical Committee on Education (TC3). With the rapid development of digital technology, the current field of digital technology in vocational education around the world is ready to or has already entered the digital transformation stage. China, as an emerging force among developing countries, is diligently striving to catch up in this particular domain. As such, this study aspires for a …Information and Communications Technology (ICT) can impact student learning when teachers are digitally literate and understand how to integrate it into curriculum. Schools use a diverse set of ICT tools to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information.(6) In some contexts, ICT has also become integral to the teaching-learning … Special issue guidelines. Edcucation and Information Technologies adheres to the standard Peer Review Policy, Process and Guidance as outlined by Springer under Editorial Policies in the Information for Journal Authors web page. Submitted papers should present original, unpublished work, relevant to one of the topics of the special issue. Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript. This journal's calls for papers. Collections this journal is participating in. Volume 25, issue 5 articles listing for Education and Information Technologies.Information Technology IT. Graphic Design. Interior Design. Architecture Design. Construction. Hospitality Techniques. Electricity. Electronics. Kindergarten. Nursing. …In 2023 K-12 schools experienced a rise in cyberattacks, underscoring the need to implement strong systems to safeguard student data. Technology is “requiring people to check their assumptions ...Chatbots hold the promise of revolutionizing education by engaging learners, personalizing learning activities, supporting educators, and developing deep insight into learners’ behavior. However, there is a lack of studies that analyze the recent evidence-based chatbot-learner interaction design techniques applied in education. This study …A peer-reviewed journal that publishes research on various topics related to education and information technologies. Find articles on e-learning, distance learning, multimedia, …Jul 10, 2023 · Purpose Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare and shows considerable promise for the delivery of medical education. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of the global situation, effects, and challenges associated with applying AI at the different stages of medical education. Methods This review followed the PRISMA guidelines, and retrieved studies ... By using computers and information technologies in educating the populace, they allow us to convey instructions and ideas to people. It is found that ... This breadth of coverage allows Education and Information Technologies to examine fundamental issues at all levels, discuss specific instances and cases, draw inference and probe theory. This journal is embedded in the research and practice of professionals. This is the official journal of the IFIP Technical Committee on Education. Education and Information Technologies - To begin this issue, Factors influencing undergraduate education in an expanding virtual world during COVID-19 comes from Brinda Desai Bradaric and Dina Batlivala Tresselt (Rush University, Chicago, USA). Moving to a virtual platform can introduce barriers beyond access and stability of …Median Annual Salary: $112,000. Job Growth: +32%. Education Needed: Bachelor’s degree in information technology, computer science, or a related field such as mathematics or engineering. Career ... Digital Technologies in Education. The use of information and communication technologies in education can play a crucial role in providing new and innovative forms of support to teachers, students, and the learning process more broadly. The World Bank Group is the largest financier of education in the developing world, working on education ...

These endeavors have made new contribution to globalization and creating a community of shared future. To adapt to this changing world and China's fast development in this new area, The International Conference on Internet, Education and Information Technology(IEIT 2021) is to be held in April 16-18 2021.. Post ad

education and information technologies

On 5 February 2024, a presentation of a new Russian-language online course on media and information literacy was held by UNESCO IITE and UNESCO-ICHEI within the joint project. The online course is intended for teachers and staff members of educational organizations in Central Asia and other Russian-speaking countries. 12 February 2024. Authors who publish open access in Education and Information Technologies are required to pay an article processing charge (APC). The APC price will be determined from the date on which the article is accepted for publication. The current APC, subject to VAT or local taxes where applicable, is: Visit our open access support portal and our ... Submitted papers must be suitable for EAIT journal readership which is composed of researchers and practitioners in education technologies. So, papers should describe either experiences including real students, teachers, teacher trainers, educators or describe technologies that are mature but not yet used in real classes.Open educational resources (OER) Edupreneurship business models for different stakeholders. Hamda Darwish. OriginalPaper 10 July 2019 Pages: 3855 - 3886. Volume 24, issue 6 articles listing for Education and Information Technologies.Chatbots hold the promise of revolutionizing education by engaging learners, personalizing learning activities, supporting educators, and developing deep insight into learners’ behavior. However, there is a lack of studies that analyze the recent evidence-based chatbot-learner interaction design techniques applied in education. This study …Implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in education is defined as the incorporation of ICTs into teaching and learning activities, both inside and outside the classroom. Despite widely studied, there is still no consensus on how it affects student performance. However, before evaluating this, it is crucial to identify …Higher education institutes are continuously exploiting technology to improve the delivery of courses. This paper reviews the use of mobile learning applications in higher education institutes to; i) identify publication trends, ii) types of mobile learning applications used, and iii) categorize the research papers published. The applied …May 7, 2018 · The use of technological tools is increasing rapidly in all fields, especially in education, which has moved from pen, pencil, and books, to using interactive technologies to help impart knowledge and understanding. Recent years have witnessed students facilitating immersive digital technology. However, it remains a challenge to provide sufficient learning medias to higher education students ... This encyclopedia aims to offer researchers an indication of the breadth and importance of information systems in education, including the way IT is being used, and could be used to enable learning and teaching. The encyclopedia covers all aspects of the interaction between education and information technologies, including IT in kindergartens ...In today’s fast-paced world, effective communication between parents and teachers is crucial for the academic success of students. With the advancements in technology, there are no... Game Changers: Education and Information Technologies is a collection of chapters and case studies contributed by college and university presidents, provosts, faculty, and other stakeholders. Institutions are finding new ways of achieving higher education’s mission without being crippled by constraints or overpowered by greater expectations. ICEIT will have a special focus on educational and information technology, and seeks to address multidisciplinary challenges. The event includes Oral ...Information and Communication Technologies in Education. The monograph presents a systematic overview of the results of analytical research organized by UNESCO IITE. The publication summarizes main trends, recommendations, experience of certain countries, as well as key areas for integration of new ICT in educational systems …Innovation and communication technologies: Analysis of the effectiveness of their use and implementation in higher education. Elena A. Tokareva. Yulia V. Smirnova. Larisa G. Orchakova. OriginalPaper 18 May 2019 Pages: 3219 - 3234. Volume 24, issue 5 articles listing for Education and Information Technologies.Oct 5, 2022 · Students with disabilities are being encouraged to achieve high academic standards in science education to understand the natural world, acquire life skills, and experience career success. To this end, digital technology supports students with disabilities in order for them to achieve science literacy. While relevant research has presented evidence-based practices to teach science content, the ... Feb 11, 2023 · Towards a wearable education: Understanding the determinants affecting students’ adoption of wearable technologies using machine learning algorithms. Mostafa Al-Emran. Maryam N. Al-Nuaimi. Bokolo Anthony Jnr. OriginalPaper 31 August 2022 Pages: 2727 - 2746. This breadth of coverage allows Education and Information Technologies to examine fundamental issues at all levels, discuss specific instances and cases, draw inference and probe theory. This journal is embedded in the research and practice of professionals. This is the official journal of the IFIP Technical Committee on Education. An education credit is a tax credit associated with the payment of education expenses during the tax year. An education credit is a tax credit associated with the payment of educat...Aug 20, 2021 · Education and Information Technologies - Beyond Bricks and Mortar: The efficacy of online learning and community‑building at College Park Academy during the COVID‑19 pandemic by Kate Maloney Williams and Anne Corwith (University of Maryland, Maryland, USA) looks at how restrictions due to COVID-19 impacted College Park Academy (CPA), a public charter middle and high school that typically ... .

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